A-bomb - translation to Αγγλικά
![Anti-nuclear weapons]] protest march in Oxford, 1980](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anti-nuclear weapons protest, UK 1980.JPG?width=200 "Anti-nuclear weapons]] protest march in Oxford, 1980")
![commercial launch]] of the Russian [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] R-36 [[ICBM]]; also known by the NATO reporting name: [[SS-18 Satan]]. Upon its first fielding in the late 1960s, the SS-18 remains the single highest [[throw weight]] missile delivery system ever built.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dnepr rocket lift-off 1.jpg?width=200 "commercial launch]] of the Russian [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] R-36 [[ICBM]]; also known by the NATO reporting name: [[SS-18 Satan]]. Upon its first fielding in the late 1960s, the SS-18 remains the single highest [[throw weight]] missile delivery system ever built.")
![[[Edward Teller]], often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb"](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward Teller (1958)-LLNL.jpg?width=200 "[[Edward Teller]], often referred to as the \"father of the hydrogen bomb\"")
![Demonstration against nuclear testing in [[Lyon]], France, in the 1980s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Essais nucleaires manif.jpg?width=200 "Demonstration against nuclear testing in [[Lyon]], France, in the 1980s.")
![Nagasaki]], Japan. They were large and could only be delivered by [[heavy bomber]] aircraft](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fat man.jpg?width=200 "Nagasaki]], Japan. They were large and could only be delivered by [[heavy bomber]] aircraft")
![fission]] weapon designs](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fission bomb assembly methods.svg?width=200 "fission]] weapon designs")
![The [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] was created in 1957 to encourage peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of IAEA.svg?width=200 "The [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] was created in 1957 to encourage peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation.")
![[[Robert Oppenheimer]], principal leader of the [[Manhattan Project]], often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg?width=200 "[[Robert Oppenheimer]], principal leader of the [[Manhattan Project]], often referred to as the \"father of the atomic bomb\".")
![Protest in Bonn against the [[nuclear arms race]] between the U.S./NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Massale vredesdemonstratie in Bonn tegen de modernisering van kernwapens in West, Bestanddeelnr 253-8611.jpg?width=200 "Protest in Bonn against the [[nuclear arms race]] between the U.S./NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981")
![This view of downtown [[Las Vegas]] shows a [[mushroom cloud]] in the background. Scenes such as this were typical during the 1950s. From 1951 to 1962 the government conducted 100 atmospheric tests at the nearby [[Nevada Test Site]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NNSA-NSO-787.jpg?width=200 "This view of downtown [[Las Vegas]] shows a [[mushroom cloud]] in the background. Scenes such as this were typical during the 1950s. From 1951 to 1962 the government conducted 100 atmospheric tests at the nearby [[Nevada Test Site]].")
![Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The Black dot indicates the location of the [[Vela incident]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rael Nuclear use locations world map.png?width=200 "Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The Black dot indicates the location of the [[Vela incident]].")
![Ukrainian]] workers use equipment provided by the U.S. [[Defense Threat Reduction Agency]] to dismantle a Soviet-era missile silo. After the end of the Cold War, Ukraine and the other non-Russian, post-Soviet republics relinquished Soviet nuclear stockpiles to Russia.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SS-24 silo destruction.jpg?width=200 "Ukrainian]] workers use equipment provided by the U.S. [[Defense Threat Reduction Agency]] to dismantle a Soviet-era missile silo. After the end of the Cold War, Ukraine and the other non-Russian, post-Soviet republics relinquished Soviet nuclear stockpiles to Russia.")
![A photograph of [[Sumiteru Taniguchi]]'s back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Marine photographer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sumiteru Taniguchi back.jpg?width=200 "A photograph of [[Sumiteru Taniguchi]]'s back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Marine photographer")
![The basics of the [[Teller–Ulam design]] for a hydrogen bomb: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Teller-Ulam device 3D.svg?width=200 "The basics of the [[Teller–Ulam design]] for a hydrogen bomb: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel.")
![terminal]], or re-entry phase, of the [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Trident C-4 montage.jpg?width=200 "terminal]], or re-entry phase, of the [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s")
![The [[USSR]] and United States nuclear weapon stockpiles throughout the [[Cold War]] until 2015, with a precipitous drop in total numbers following the end of the Cold War in 1991.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/US and USSR nuclear stockpiles.svg?width=200 "The [[USSR]] and United States nuclear weapon stockpiles throughout the [[Cold War]] until 2015, with a precipitous drop in total numbers following the end of the Cold War in 1991.")
![heavier lift]] Russian [[SS-18 Satan]], could contain up to ten nuclear warheads (shown in red), each of which could be aimed at a different target. A factor in the development of [[MIRV]]s was to make complete [[missile defense]] difficult for an enemy country.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/W87 MX Missile schematic.jpg?width=200 "heavier lift]] Russian [[SS-18 Satan]], could contain up to ten nuclear warheads (shown in red), each of which could be aimed at a different target. A factor in the development of [[MIRV]]s was to make complete [[missile defense]] difficult for an enemy country.")
Βικιπαίδεια
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.
The first test of a fission ("atomic") bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to 20,000 tons of TNT (84 TJ). The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released energy approximately equal to 10 million tons of TNT (42 PJ). Nuclear bombs have had yields between 10 tons TNT (the W54) and 50 megatons for the Tsar Bomba (see TNT equivalent). A thermonuclear weapon weighing as little as 600 pounds (270 kg) can release energy equal to more than 1.2 megatonnes of TNT (5.0 PJ).
A nuclear device no larger than a conventional bomb can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy. Nuclear weapons have been deployed twice in war, by the United States against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 during World War II.
